Exercise science graduates can pursue careers as recreational therapists ($65,350 average), fitness trainers ($44,190 average), exercise physiologists ($59,620 average), or coaches ($58,910 average). Most positions require a bachelor’s degree and professional certification, with job growth projected at 4-14% through 2033.
The field encompasses much more than just physical movement. Exercise science professionals work with clients across all age groups and skill levels, from helping with injury recovery to optimizing athletic performance. With healthcare emphasizing preventive care and wellness, demand for qualified exercise science professionals continues to grow. Many professionals also collaborate with health promotion specialists to offer comprehensive wellness services.
Explore exercise science degree programs to start your career journey.
Table of Contents
What Exercise Science Professionals Do
Exercise science professionals apply scientific principles to improve human performance, health, and quality of life. Their work spans multiple settings and populations, from clinical rehabilitation to elite athletics.
Core responsibilities include:
- Assessment and evaluation — Conducting fitness assessments, movement screenings, and health evaluations
- Program design — Creating customized exercise and rehabilitation programs
- Client education — Teaching proper exercise techniques and healthy lifestyle habits
- Progress monitoring — Tracking client improvements and adjusting programs accordingly
- Injury prevention — Identifying risk factors and implementing preventive strategies
The work environment varies significantly by specialty. Some professionals work in clinical settings, such as hospitals and rehabilitation centers, while others operate in fitness facilities, schools, or private practices. Many positions involve direct client interaction, requiring strong communication and motivational skills.
The following bachelors and Master’s programs offer career-focused instruction delivered by trained nutritionists with experience in the field. Find out more what each individual course of study offers through the locations below.
Purdue Global's Bachelor of Science in Nutrition Program is an approved holistic nutrition education program through the National Association of Nutrition Professionals (NANP).
Arizona State University - Online offers an Online Masters in Medical Nutrition
The University of Texas at Austin offers an Online Master of Science in Nutritional Sciences.
Grand Canyon University offers an M.S. in Nutrition and Dietetics.
UNC's MPH Nutrition concentration prepares students to provide, evaluate and communicate nutritional and dietary guidance that improves individual and population-wide health outcomes. In addition to developing their knowledge of nutrition science, students will explore behavior change, communication, counseling and the effects of dietary culture on individuals and communities.
Walden University's Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Health Studies - Health Promotion and Wellness gains job-ready, immediately applicable skills today's employers want.
Exercise Science Career Options
Exercise science graduates can choose from several specialized career paths, each with unique responsibilities and requirements.
Recreational Therapist
Recreational therapists help clients with illnesses, injuries, or disabilities through movement-based therapy programs. They work with diverse populations, from pediatric patients to elderly adults recovering from surgery.
Daily responsibilities:
- Assessing clients’ physical and emotional needs
- Designing therapeutic recreation programs
- Leading group and individual therapy sessions
- Documenting patient progress and outcomes
- Collaborating with healthcare teams
Work settings: Hospitals, long-term care centers, rehabilitation facilities, government recreation departments
Salary and outlook: According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, recreational therapists earned an average annual salary of $65,350 in 2024. Job opportunities are expected to increase by 4.3% between 2023 and 2033.
Education and certification: Minimum bachelor’s degree required, with graduate degrees commanding higher salaries. The Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist (CTRS) certification from NCTRC is essential for most positions.
State licensing: As of 2024, only New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Utah, and Washington require state licensure for recreational therapists.
Fitness Trainer and Instructor
Fitness trainers work with individuals and groups to improve physical fitness and overall health. They design workout routines, demonstrate exercises, and provide motivation to help clients reach their goals.
Daily responsibilities:
- Conducting fitness assessments and consultations
- Creating personalized workout programs
- Teaching proper exercise form and technique
- Monitoring client progress and safety
- Leading group fitness classes
Work settings: Health clubs, corporate fitness centers, hospitals, community centers, private studios
Salary and outlook: Fitness trainers earned an average yearly salary of $44,190 in 2024. The field exhibits strong growth potential, with 14% job growth anticipated between 2023 and 2033, driven by increased awareness of the benefits of fitness.
Education and certification: A minimum of an associate’s degree is required, although many employers prefer a bachelor’s degree. Popular certifications include:
- American Council on Exercise (ACE) Personal Trainer Certification
- National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) Certified Personal Trainer
- National Federation of Personal Trainers (NFPT) Certification
Exercise Physiologist
Exercise physiologists are highly specialized professionals who develop exercise programs for people recovering from chronic diseases or injuries. They work closely with medical teams to provide evidence-based interventions.
Daily responsibilities:
- Conducting comprehensive fitness and health assessments
- Developing medically-supervised exercise programs
- Monitoring patients during exercise sessions
- Educating patients about lifestyle modifications
- Collaborating with physicians and healthcare providers
Work settings: Hospitals, cardiac rehabilitation centers, medical clinics, research facilities
Salary and outlook: Exercise physiologists earned an average annual salary of $59,620 in 2024. Employment is projected to grow 10.4% from 2023 to 2033, which is faster than the average growth rate for all occupations.
Education and certification: A minimum of a Bachelor’s degree is required, with many positions requiring a master’s degree. Professional certifications include:
- EPC Board Certified Exercise Physiologist from the American Society of Exercise Physiologists
- Registered Clinical Exercise Physiologist from the Clinical Exercise Physiology Association
State licensing: Currently, only Louisiana requires state licensure for exercise physiologists, though requirements may expand to other states.
Athletic Coach and Scout
Coaches apply exercise science principles to train athletes and teams. They combine knowledge of biomechanics, nutrition, and performance psychology to optimize athletic results.
Daily responsibilities:
- Planning and conducting practice sessions
- Developing game strategies and tactics
- Analyzing performance and identifying improvement areas
- Recruiting and evaluating talent
- Ensuring athlete safety and proper conditioning
Work settings: High schools, colleges, universities, professional sports teams, amateur athletics
Salary and outlook: Coaches and scouts earned an average yearly salary of $58,910 in 2024. Job opportunities are predicted to grow by 8.8% from 2023 through 2033.
Education and certification: A minimum of a Bachelor’s degree, with graduate degrees preferred for higher-level positions. Many states require teaching certification for high school coaching positions.
Education Requirements and Pathways
Most exercise science careers require a minimum of a bachelor’s degree, although specific requirements vary by specialization and employer preferences.
Undergraduate Education
Common degree programs:
- Exercise Science
- Kinesiology
- Sports and Exercise Science
- Health and Fitness
- Athletic Training
Core curriculum typically includes:
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
- Motor Learning and Development
- Nutrition
- Psychology of Sport and Exercise
- Research Methods
Graduate Education
Many specialized positions, particularly in clinical settings, prefer or require master’s degrees. Graduate programs offer advanced study in areas like:
- Clinical Exercise Physiology
- Cardiac Rehabilitation
- Sports Psychology
- Exercise and Nutrition Science
- Athletic Administration
Professional Certifications
Industry certifications are essential for career advancement and are often required by employers. Certification demonstrates competency and commitment to professional standards.
Select certifications that align with your career goals and ensure they’re accredited by recognized organizations, such as the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA).
Skills Needed for Exercise Science Careers
Success in exercise science requires a combination of technical knowledge and interpersonal abilities.
Technical Skills
- Exercise prescription — Ability to design safe, effective workout programs
- Assessment techniques — Proficiency in fitness testing and movement screening
- Data analysis — Understanding of research methods and statistical analysis
- Technology proficiency — Familiarity with fitness tracking devices and software
- Safety protocols — Knowledge of emergency procedures and injury prevention
Interpersonal Skills
- Communication — Clear explanation of complex concepts to diverse audiences
- Motivation — Ability to inspire and encourage clients toward their goals
- Empathy — Understanding and responding to client needs and concerns
- Leadership — Guiding groups and building team cohesion
- Problem-solving — Adapting programs based on individual limitations or challenges
Salary Comparison and Job Outlook
| Career | Average Salary (2024) | Job Growth (2023-2033) | Education Required |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recreational Therapist | $65,350 | 4.3% | Bachelor’s + Certification |
| Exercise Physiologist | $59,620 | 10.4% | Bachelor’s (Master’s preferred) |
| Coach/Scout | $58,910 | 8.8% | Bachelor’s |
| Fitness Trainer | $44,190 | 14.0% | Associate’s + Certification |
Regional Salary Variations
Exercise science salaries vary significantly by location. Metropolitan areas and states with higher costs of living typically offer higher compensation. For example:
- Highest paying states: Highest paying states vary by role, but California, New York, and Massachusetts consistently rank above national averages for many exercise science professions, often exceeding them by 15–25%
- Growing markets: States like Texas, Florida, and Arizona show strong demand for some fitness-related roles, though growth varies by profession
- Rural considerations: Smaller communities may offer lower salaries, but reduced competition and cost of living
Research specific location data when considering job opportunities, as regional demand can significantly impact both salary potential and job availability.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to become an exercise science professional?
Most entry-level positions require a 4-year bachelor’s degree plus 3-6 months to obtain professional certification. Advanced roles, such as exercise physiologist, may require an additional 1-2 years of study beyond a bachelor’s degree to earn a master’s degree.
Can I work in exercise science without a degree in a related field?
While some fitness trainer positions accept candidates with just certification, most reputable employers require at least an associate degree. A bachelor’s degree significantly improves job prospects and earning potential.
What’s the difference between exercise science and kinesiology?
Exercise science focuses specifically on the physiological responses to physical activity, while kinesiology is broader, encompassing biomechanics, motor learning, and sport psychology. Many programs use these terms interchangeably.
Is the job market competitive for exercise science graduates?
Competition varies by specialty. Clinical positions, such as exercise physiologists, are more competitive, while fitness trainer positions are more readily available. Obtaining relevant certifications and gaining practical experience improve job prospects.
Can exercise science professionals work remotely?
Some aspects of exercise science work can be done remotely, such as program design, consultation, and online coaching. However, most positions require in-person interaction for assessments, hands-on instruction, and safety monitoring.
What continuing education is required?
Most professional certifications require continuing education units (CEUs) to be completed every 1-2 years to maintain credentials. Requirements typically range from 10 to 20 CEUs per certification period.
Key Takeaways
- Diverse opportunities: Exercise science offers careers in clinical settings, fitness facilities, schools, and sports organizations
- Strong job growth: All major exercise science careers show optimistic growth projections through 2033
- Education matters: Bachelor’s degrees are typically minimum requirements, with certifications essential for most positions
- Salary potential: Average salaries range from $44,000-$65,000, with higher earnings possible through specialization and advanced degrees
- Skills combination: Success requires both technical knowledge and strong interpersonal abilities
Ready to start your exercise science career?
Explore accredited exercise science programs in your area and take the first step toward a rewarding career helping others achieve their health and fitness goals. You can also explore related fields, such as becoming a registered dietitian, for additional career opportunities in the field of health and wellness.
The following bachelors and Master’s programs offer career-focused instruction delivered by trained nutritionists with experience in the field. Find out more what each individual course of study offers through the locations below.
Purdue Global's Bachelor of Science in Nutrition Program is an approved holistic nutrition education program through the National Association of Nutrition Professionals (NANP).
Arizona State University - Online offers an Online Masters in Medical Nutrition
The University of Texas at Austin offers an Online Master of Science in Nutritional Sciences.
Grand Canyon University offers an M.S. in Nutrition and Dietetics.
UNC's MPH Nutrition concentration prepares students to provide, evaluate and communicate nutritional and dietary guidance that improves individual and population-wide health outcomes. In addition to developing their knowledge of nutrition science, students will explore behavior change, communication, counseling and the effects of dietary culture on individuals and communities.
Walden University's Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Health Studies - Health Promotion and Wellness gains job-ready, immediately applicable skills today's employers want.
2024 US Bureau of Labor Statistics salary figures and job growth projections for recreational therapists, fitness trainers and instructors, exercise physiologists, and coaches and scouts reflect national data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary—data accessed September 2025.
